Determination of Organic carbon and Inorganic carbon of Biomass

Introduction:

Total carbon in the Biomass is comprised of two fractions: combustible and carbonate carbon. Combustible carbon corresponds to total organic carbon (TOC) while carbonate carbon corresponds to total inorganic carbon. The amount of the combustible carbon content in biomass can be used for the determination of the performance and efficiency of biomass boiler furnaces as well as of different thermo-chemical (liquefaction, gasification, and pyrolysis) reactors for carbonaceous fuels.

Principle:

Each biomass sample was divided into two parts. One part was ignited in the furnace in presence of oxygen gas at 900°C followed by infrared (IR) spectroscopic determination of evolved CO₂to determine the total Carbon. The other part was distilled with water in presence of H₂SO₄ and the evolved carbon dioxide is absorbed in known quantity of excess NaOH Solution. The unreacted NaOH is then titrated with a known strength of HCl Solution to determine the carbonate carbon or the Inorganic carbon. The quantity of organic Carbon was calculated as the difference between the Total Carbon measured and the inorganic Carbon.

(Organic Carbon = Total Carbon -Inorganic Carbon).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

1. MATERIALS:

Five numbers of commercial biomass samples were used in this study. Samples are marked as Sample A,B,C,D,E.

2. METHODS

2.1. Experimental method for determination of Total Carbon by CHNS Analyzer

Instrument:

1) LECO TruSpecCHN Analyzer

2) Air Oven

Procedure:

1) 0.09 g of dry biomass sample was taken into a tin foil of certain specification.

2)The foil containing the sample was placed inside the furnace at 950°C in the instrument and flushed with oxygen for complete combustion to form CO₂.

3) The CO₂ formed was measured using an IR cell and the total C content was obtained from the amount of CO₂ generated.

Results:

Sample No	Total Carbon(%)
A	34.00
B	35.00
C	45.30
D	41.60
E	39.50

Fig. 1-5: Total carbon Curve of Biomass sample

2.2. Determination of inorganic Carbon:

Apparatus:

1) Distillation apparatus

2) 250 ml Erlenmeyer Flask

50 ml Burette

Chemical:

1(N) Sodium Hydroxide.
1(N) Hydrochloric acid.
Concentrated H₂SO₄.
Phenolphthalein
Methyl orange
Preboiled CO₂ free distilled water

Procedure:

1) 5g sample was taken in a distillation Flask and 100ml of distilled water and 25ml H₂SO₄ were added into it.

2) The sample was distilled for 30min.

3) The released CO₂ was absorbed in 25ml 0.1(N) NaOH Solution in a 250ml Erlenmeyer Flask.

4) The resulting solution obtained in step 3 was titrated with 0.1(N) HCl by using Phenolphthalein followed by methyl orange indicator.

XCO₃ + H₂SO₄ → CO₂ + H₂O + XSO₄

CO₂ + NaOH → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O

Na₂CO₃ + HCl → NaHCO₃ + NaCl (by using Phenolphthalein as indicator)

Na₂CO₃ + HCl → CO₂ + NaCl ( by using Methyl orange as indicator)

Calculation:

Na₂CO₃ % = {53 x Strength Of HCl x 100 x (m-p)}/(1000 x sample Weight)

Where, p = Burette reading 1^st titration.

m= Burette reading of 2^nd titration.

% C =(12/53)* Percentage of sodium carbonate

Result:

Sample No	Inorganic Carbon (%)
A	0.072
B	0.12
C	0.086
D	0.075
E	0.082

Results:

Sample No	Total Carbon (%)	Inorganic Carbon (%)	Organic Carbon (%)
A	34.00	0.072	33.93
B	35.00	0.12	34.88
C	45.30	0.086	45.21
D	41.60	0.075	41.53
E	39.50	0.082	39.42

Conclusion

5 numbers of Biomass samples were analyzed to experimentally determine their organic carbon content. The method involves determination of total c content using a CHN analyzer and determination of inorganic C content by a wet classical method. The inorganic C content was subtracted from total C content to obtain the organic C content. The method bypasses the need of employing a separate TOC analyzer and thereby allows coal analysis laboratories to exploit the CHN analyzer for this purpose to save cost.

Contributed by: Sabir Laskar

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Determination of Organic carbon and Inorganic carbon of Biomass

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Mitra S.K. have added value to our business process by effective inspection, strict quality control and timely response. It is a pleasant experience to work with “Team Mitra S.K.”. We hope the same service level will continue in the future too....

Sirsendu Mukherjee

Mitra SK Inspection Gulf LLC has been appointed by us and the services provided by them has been up to the mark and as per our expectations....

Ajay Mathur

Amar Singh Gohil

The Inspection services provided by Mitra S. K. Inspection Gulf has been prompt and accurate and has been in the line with our expectations....

Naser Bustami

We would like to express our high appreciation of the business association our company had with Mitra S. K. as a testing and inspection house for their quality of service, good documentation and reporting during the job ....

R. Jeyakumar

Tulus Situmeang

Their job was excellent and showed Mitra S.K. differential from others....

Geraldo Pimenta

Konstantin Gertsen

We’ve been pleased with the improvement we have seen in CIQ results, and Mitra S.K’s reports have certainly helped us to resolve any disputes with our customers in a more timely manner….....

Brian Mcdonald

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