Isolation and Characterization of Pectin from Fruit Peel Waste

Mr. Gaurav Kumar, Ms. Sudeshna Bhattacharya & Dr. Nandita Das

Abstract

Fruit peel waste, a byproduct of fruit consumption and production, poses significant environmental challenges due to its inedibility and perishable nature. Embracing a circular economy approach, this study explores fruit peel waste as a sustainable and renewable resource for pectin extraction. Pectin, a soluble fiber prevalent in citrus fruits, apples, and berries, serves as a key ingredient in food applications like thickeners, gelling agents, and stabilizers. This work investigates the extraction and characterization of pectin from four fruit peel types—mosambi, banana, mango, and pomegranate—to provide a cost-effective alternative to imported pectin.

Introduction

Pectin, a complex polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, is a valuable component in various industries. It is composed of D-galacturonic acid units connected by α-(1,4) glycosidic bonds. Its composition and structure depend on its source, plant maturity, and extraction conditions. Pectin has numerous applications in food products such as jams, jellies, low-fat spreads, and dairy items. Beyond its functional uses, pectin consumption also offers health benefits like lowering LDL cholesterol levels by trapping cholesterol molecules in the intestines.
This study focuses on utilizing fruit peel waste to extract and characterize pectin, providing a sustainable alternative to imported pectin and contributing to environmental conservation.

Materials and Methods

Materials

•   Fruit peels (mosambi, banana, mango, pomegranate)
•   Distilled water
•   Ethanol
•   Acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid)
•   pH meter
•   Heating apparatus
•   Filtration equipment
•   Centrifuge (optional)
•   Analytical balance
•   Drying oven
•   Beakers, flasks, and glassware

Procedure

1. Preparation of Fruit Peel Wastes

1.   Collect fresh fruit peels and wash thoroughly.
2.   Dry peels at 40-50°C or under sunlight until completely dry.
3.   Grind dried peels into fine powder.

2. Extraction of Pectin

1.   Mix fruit peel powder with distilled water (1:10 w/v).
2.   Adjust pH to 1.5-3.0 using acid.
3.   Heat mixture at 80-90°C for 1-2 hours with stirring.
4.   Filter the hot mixture to obtain pectin-rich filtrate.

3. Precipitation of Pectin

1.   Add ethanol (2:1 v/v) to the filtrate to precipitate pectin.
2.   Wash precipitated pectin with ethanol to remove impurities.
3.   Dry the pectin at 40-50°C to obtain a dry powder.

Characterization of Pectin

Yield Calculation
Yield (%) = (Dry pectin weight / Fruit peel powder weight) × 100
Moisture Content
Determine moisture content by drying pectin at 105°C until a constant weight is achieved.

Degree of Esterification (DE)

• Equivalent Weight: Determined via titration with NaOH.
• Methoxyl Content: Measured by saponification of pectin and titration of liberated carboxyl groups.

• Anhydrouronic Acid Content (AUA): Calculated using equivalent weight and methoxyl values.
% DE = (176 × % Methoxyl Content) / (31 × % AUA) × 100

Results

Applications

Pectin extracted from fruit peel waste can be applied in food industries, notably for:
•   Jam and jelly preparation
•   Dairy product stabilization
•   Functional health products

Conclusion

This study highlights the potential of fruit peel waste as a cost-effective and sustainable source of pectin. By transforming waste into a valuable resource, this approach supports environmental conservation and offers economic benefits to industries reliant on pectin.

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Isolation and Characterization of Pectin from Fruit Peel Waste

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Materials

Procedure

1. Preparation of Fruit Peel Wastes

2. Extraction of Pectin

3. Precipitation of Pectin

Characterization of Pectin

Results

Applications

Conclusion

Testimonial

Mitra S.K. have added value to our business process by effective inspection, strict quality control and timely response. It is a pleasant experience to work with “Team Mitra S.K.”. We hope the same service level will continue in the future too....

Sirsendu Mukherjee

Mitra SK Inspection Gulf LLC has been appointed by us and the services provided by them has been up to the mark and as per our expectations....

Ajay Mathur

Amar Singh Gohil

The Inspection services provided by Mitra S. K. Inspection Gulf has been prompt and accurate and has been in the line with our expectations....

Naser Bustami

We would like to express our high appreciation of the business association our company had with Mitra S. K. as a testing and inspection house for their quality of service, good documentation and reporting during the job ....

R. Jeyakumar

Tulus Situmeang

Their job was excellent and showed Mitra S.K. differential from others....

Geraldo Pimenta

Konstantin Gertsen

We’ve been pleased with the improvement we have seen in CIQ results, and Mitra S.K’s reports have certainly helped us to resolve any disputes with our customers in a more timely manner….....

Brian Mcdonald

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