Phase transformation of silica in Coal and Biomass burning processes and its implications on human health

Introduction:

Silica (SiO₂) is a highly abundant mineral found in the earth's crust. It comprises several minerals and is the principal component of over 95% rocks. Silica naturally occurs in both amorphous and crystalline forms. In crystalline silica, silicon atoms are bonded to four oxygen atoms forming tetrahedrons which are connected to each other in a three dimensional array, different from a random pattern in amorphous silica. Additionally, crystalline silica appears in several polymorphic form…

MODIFIED GRAVIMETRIC ESTIMATION OF COBALT IN BLACK MASS

Once a lithium-ion battery is retired, the batteries can be collected, fully discharged, then shredded and base metals are separated for recycling. This shiny, metallic mixture that is called ‘black mass’ is a mixture of valuable metals including lithium, manganese, cobalt and nickel. The typical black colour is due to the high concentrations of graphitic Carbon. The black mass can be used as a secondary source of critical elements like cobalt, lithium and nickel and goes with the concept of “Urban Mining’. Consequent…

Method development for the estimation of Coumarin content in different Cinnamomum species

Abstract:

Both Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon Cinnamon, True Cinnamon) and Cinnamomum cassia (Cassia, Chinese Cinnamon) are visibly almost similar and widely used for culinary purpose due to its aroma and flavor. However Cassia is known to contain high amount of coumarin which is known to have toxic effects on the liver, kidneys and lungs. A rapid and simple High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the quantification of coumarin in Cinnamomum zeylanicum a…

Rapid determination of Tyramine and Histamine in Tuna Fish using HPLC-FLD

Introduction

Biogenic amines are basic nitrogenous compounds formed because of microbial decarboxylation of amino acid. Large amounts of biogenic amine can cause allergy like food poisoning, known as scromboid poisoning, which can lead to death in very sensitive subjects. Histamine content increases with the progress of fish decomposition at processing plants or even after catching. Tyramine is reported to cause food intoxication commonly associated with ripened cheeses, affecting health …

MICROPLASTIC IN MILK. AN EMERGING THREAT

Graphical Abstract:

Estimation of Proline in Honey by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

ABSTRACT

Proline is the predominant free amino acid of honey and it is a criterion for estimating the quality and the antioxidant activity of the honey. Proline is essential to evaluate the conformity of honey to the current legislation. Proline content has been used as the indicator of honey ripeness and sugar adulteration when it falls below a value of 180 mg/kg (as per Food Safety Standard Authority of India). The aim of this study is to estimate proline content in different marketed brands of honey samples by u…

DNA based approach for the detection of GMO

Abstract:

Genetically modified organisms are produced by modifying or altering their genetic material by means of Genetic Engineering technique and which does not occur naturally.

DNA based identification is more superior and widely accepted compared to protein based approach because of their limitations.

In the DNA based method, DNA is extracted from homogeneous test material. The quantity and quality of the extracted DNA are evaluated for the testing the suitability of PCR amplification.

…

Development of an HPLC-FLD method for rapid determination of Tyramine and Histamine in Tuna Fish

Introduction

Biogenic amines are basic nitrogenous compounds formed because of microbial decarboxylation of amino acid. Large amounts of biogenic amine can cause allergy like food poisoning, known as scromboid poisoning, which can lead to death in very sensitive subjects. Histamine content increases with the progress of fish decomposition at processing plants or even after catching. Tyramine is reported to cause food intoxication commonly associated with ripened cheeses, affecting health due to its capacity to pote…

Determination of Acrylic acid emissions from industrial process by HPLC

INTRODUCTION

Acrylic acid vapours is primarily confined to production processes because most acrylic acid is used as a precursor in the production of a variety of different acrylates. The alkyl esters of acrylic acid are used to produce a number of products including acrylic fibers, emulsion and solution polymers, and surface coatings. Some of the free acid is used to produce polyacrylic acid, which has industrial uses as a thickener, flocculants, and binder

Acrylic acid is a polar acidic compound. It is …

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NANO-FERTILIZER & CONVENTIONAL FERTILIZER WITH RESPECT TO SUSTAINED NUTRIENT RELEASE

Abstract:

Loss of nutrient from conventional fertilizers is one of the challenges being faced in the agricultural sector. Nano fertilizers are promising candidates for the fertilizer industry with a huge potential to improve nutrient retention for optimal growth. The present study deals in the application of a slow releasing nanocomposite fertilizer with a high potential to sustain crop production. The present study deals with two aspects; Water Holding Capacity (WPC) and release patterns of nutrie…

Assessing leaching potential of Electronic Waste

Abstract:

Electronic waste or E-Waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. Informal processing of E-waste in developing countries can lead to adverse human health effects and environmental pollution. The present study deals to assess the leaching ability of metals (namely, Copper, Manganese, Nickel, Lead, Antimony and Zn) from a mobile circuit board in different pH condition of water. It was observed that different metals showed varying leaching potential at various pH. This is of huge interest in …

Analysis of Red Mud

EXPLORATION OF REDMUD

Introduction:

Red mud, now more frequently termed bauxite residue, is an industrial waste generated during the processing of bauxite into alumina using the Bayer process. It is composed of various&nbs…

Determination of gold using ICP-OES after activated carbon enrichment

Introduction:

Activated carbon is a common term for a family of highly porous carbonaceous materials that cannot be defined by a structural formula, or by chemical analysis. In other words, a piece of carbon with millions of tiny interlocking holes (called pores) is called activated carbon. Activated carbon is essentially carbon, it is inert, and so it carries no charge. Since activated carbon carries no charge, its internal surface area is also neutral, therefore activated carbon will adsorb only neutral species. …

Determination of platinum group metals using nickel sulfide (NiS) fire assay

Introduction:

Fire assaying is an age-old technique which uses intense heat and dry reagents called fluxes to extract precious metals for its ores. Nowadays, lead fire assay and nickel sulfide fire assay are widely applied as separation and pre-concentration procedures for gold and the platinum-group elements before instrumental determination. For the analysis of all platinum group elements (PGE) in geological samples, the best method for sample decomposition and precious metals extraction is nickel sulfide fire as…

QUANTIFICATION OF POTASSIUM IN NPK FERTILIZER BY GRAVIMETRY

NPK fertilizers are a class of complex fertilizers that contain the elements nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium.

Nitrogen is used by the plants to provide leafy growth and formation of stems and branches. Basically, the more leaf a plant produces, the higher is its nitrogen requirement.

Phosphorous is essential for seed germination and root development. It is useful particularly for young plants forming their root system and by food and seed crops. Root vegetables such as carrots and turnips need plentiful phosphorous to…

$Rapid Phase Composition Study of Portland cement-Clinker by Powder X-ray Diffraction Technique and its Impact$

Rapid Phase Composition Study of Portland cement-Clinker by Powder X-ray Diffraction Technique and its Impact

Introduction

Portland cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials like sand or gravels to bind them together. It is a backbone material for any kind of masonry construction works like household foundations, multistoried building, roads, bridge construction etc. So quality checking of cement either in factory site or in laboratory is a necessary action to ascertain its strength. Key ingredient of this cement is clinker which is a h…

Recycling of lead acid batteries

A brief discussion on Lead acid battery recycling and associated challenges

Lead acid batteries (LAB) are easy to design, low cost in manufacturing, safe and reliable. Most of the lead produced world wide are consumed by the LAB industry. Unfortunately, lead is a hazardous material and essentially needs to be recycled to minimize the impact on the environment. Almost 90% of the LABs produced globally are recycled today.

A spent lead battery has four components that can be recycled. Approxim…

Spectrophotometric determination of phosphorous in ferro alloys, manganese ore and iron ore

Introduction

Phosphorus is a hazardous impurity (poison) in steel. Steel with high phosphorus content becomes extremely brittle at a low temperature, and the mechanical properties of steel exhibit worsening impact strength and elongation abruptly decrease. Therefore, for obtaining low-phosphorous manganese-containing steels, it is necessary to have manganese ferroalloys with the lowest possible phosphorus content. The production of such manganese ferroalloys is possible in the presence of low-phosphorus ores and co…

A Novel Technique to Identify Mineral Oil Contaminants in Vegetable Oil

Keywords: Hydrocarbon, Solid Phase Extraction, Paraffin, Gas Chromatography.

Introduction

A simple, fast gas chromatographic-flame ionization detection (GC/FID) method combined with a solid phase extraction (SPE) has been established to determine the mineral oil-saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) in vegetable oils.

Mineral oils are certain fractions from petroleum refining and maybe traded under various designations such as Paraffinum Liquidum, Paraffin, Petrolatum (soft paraffi…

Alpha amylase enzyme activity of various grains with special reference to sprouting

Abstract:

Alpha-amylase is considered to be one of the primary enzymes responsible for starch degradation in cereals. During grain germination, α-amylase initiates the conversion of starch into simple sugars to fuel embryo and coleoptile growth in the first few days of germination. The present study involves the estimation of Alpha amylase content in four different grains varieties, namely, black matpe, green mung beans, chana and chick peas up to 8 days after germination. It was observed that, alpha amylase …

A degradation study of beta carotene in infant food and raw vegetables by ozone treatment

Introduction

β – Carotene the precursor of Vitamin A is a red-orange pigment present in plants and fruits like carrot, broccoli, lettuce, sweet potato, tomato, and winter squash and gives them their color. More intense the color the more beta carotene it has. This Carotenoid is added to many foods such as margarine, infant formula etc. Carotenoids belong to the most important group of natural pigments as they contribute too many diverse functions due to their high structural diversity. They also possess …

Environmental impacts of firecrackers during festivals, events - a lab study

Introduction:

The bursting of crackers during in any occasion increases the concentration of dust and pollutants. The fine dust that settles after bursting crackers is rich in pollutants like oxides of Sulphur and nitrogen, metal dust and organic pollutants.

Even the tiny sparklers, torches and flower pots which are otherwise considered to create no noise at all but can generate thick smoke that can affect the respiratory tract of human. The suspended particulate matter (SPM) levels rise significantly dur…

Spectrophotometric determination of Anthocyanin Content in Different Fresh Fruits

Abstract:

Anthocyanins are a type of pigment found in fruits that offer health benefit. It belongs to a class of compound called flavonoids that have antioxidant properties. The colour change from pink red to blue violet with change in pH values from 1.0 to 4.5 indicates the presence of anthocyanin. The total anthocyanin content was analyzed by the pH differential method by measuring the absorbance at pH 1.0 and pH 4.5 by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Anthocyanin content was estimated in five popular fresh fruit sample…

EXTRACTION AND ISOLATION OF PIPERINE FROM BLACK PEPPER

ABSTRACT

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a spice vine crop which is used as a food preservative and as an essential component in traditional medicines. Piperine, a major alkaloid, is the major bio-active component of pepper, which imparts pungency and biting taste to it. This naturally occurring alkaloid has numerous demonstrated health effects and beneficial therapeutic properties. Piperine is considered as one of the most promising bioenhancers till date. Several methods used for its extraction and isolation suffe…

Investigation of Physico-chemical properties of Refined Palm oil during frying with special reference to in vitro lipid peroxidation as TBARS

Abstract:

The process of repeated frying of refined palm oil plays a significant role in the generation of free radicals, which could be detrimental to human health. In the present study, palm oil was subjected to frying till 8hr and samples were taken at 0hr, 2hr, 4hr, 6hr and 8hr and subjected to physico-chemical analyses including Malondialdehyde (MDA) expressed as Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS).It was observed that there were significant increases in free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value, p-ani…

Nitrogen Profile in Fertilizer by IR Absorption Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT:

Determination of Nitrate Nitrogen, Urea –Nitrogen and Ammoniacal Nitrogen in fertilizer samples by IR spectroscopy. The main forms of Nitrogen in fertilizer are Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Urea Nitrogen and Nitrate Nitrogen. In this study, FTIR –ATR spectra of Nitrate, Urea and Ammoniacal Nitrogen standard solution with low to high concentration were prepared by using Potassium Bromide (KBr). The result showed that the wavenumber of Nitrate –Nitrogen (at a region 824 cm^-1) Urea- Nit…

Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)- A method to evaluate quality of protein

Introduction:

The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) has been used to evaluate protein quality in human foods. Previously Amino Acid Scoring (AAS) provides a way to predict how efficiently protein will meet a person’s amino acid needs. But this method has some drawbacks, in this method AAS is determined after acid hydrolysis of proteins which results in total amino acid content but some of the amino acids in the total pool are not bioavailable. Some of the protein may not be dig…

Determination of Organic carbon and Inorganic carbon of Biomass

Introduction:

Total carbon in the Biomass is comprised of two fractions: combustible and carbonate carbon. Combustible carbon corresponds to total organic carbon (TOC) while carbonate carbon corresponds to total inorganic carbon. The amount of the combustible carbon content in biomass can be used for the determination of the performance and efficiency of biomass boiler furnaces as well as of different thermo-chemical (liquefaction, gasification, and pyrolysis) reactors for carbonaceous fuels.

Prin…

Read More

blog

Phase transformation of silica in Coal and Biomass burning processes and its implications on human health

MODIFIED GRAVIMETRIC ESTIMATION OF COBALT IN BLACK MASS

Method development for the estimation of Coumarin content in different Cinnamomum species